Record number of OECD countries turn to retail investors to finance government debt |
A record 19 of the 38 OECD member countries now offer government bonds directly to individual investors, as governments seek to diversify their borrowing sources amid rising financing costs and growing public spending demands. Estonia, Slovenia, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic are among the latest countries to introduce retail-focused bond programs, while Italy and Portugal have expanded their existing offerings. According to the OECD, five countries introduced new retail bond products in the year through September 2026, following six in the previous reporting period. Higher interest rates have made government bonds more attractive to households, while governments increasingly view individual savers as an additional source of funding for healthcare, defence, and other spending priorities.